The Croatian Air Force has officially retired the MiG-21 fighter jets, closing a defining chapter in its aviation history. This Soviet supersonic aircraft has been a central part of national defence since Croatia's independence in 1991. Now, protection of Croatian airspace will be temporarily taken over by Italian Eurofighter Typhoons and Hungarian Saab Gripens before the new fleet of modern Dassault Rafale fighter jets takes over responsibility completely. This transition marks a milestone in the comprehensive modernisation of the Croatian Armed Forces.
The MiG-21, developed during the Cold War, was considered one of the most successful combat aircraft of its time. For over 60 years, this model served in various countries, including Croatia. There, the aircraft entered service in 1992 and played a central role in the defense concept of the young state. But as with other European countries, such as Romania, which retired its MiG-21 fleet in 2023, the limited lifespan of the aircraft type eventually became a problem. Outdated technology and rising maintenance costs led to the decision to switch to more modern systems.
The transition to the Rafale
Under a $960 million contract, Croatia acquired 12 used Dassault Rafale fighter jets from France. These aircraft, capable of performing both air defense and ground attack missions, represent a significant increase in the country's military capabilities. The first six aircraft were handed over to Croatia in April 2024, accompanied by a ceremonial reception near Zagreb. Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenković stressed the strategic importance of the Rafale fleet, which not only strengthens national security but also consolidates Croatia's role within NATO.
A central component of the modernization is the comprehensive training of pilots and ground staff, most of which took place in France. The first Rafale missions by Croatian pilots demonstrate the high level of training and the smooth integration of the new technology. All twelve aircraft are to be delivered and fully operational by mid-2025.
The new Rafale fleet will enable Croatia to independently participate in NATO missions such as air policing, a task currently undertaken by partner countries. This step strengthens not only Croatia's military capabilities, but also the overall security of the Southeast European region.
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